I know that loudly racking a round into the chamber of a 12GA. can run thieves, home invaders and burglars running the opposite direction in a hurry.
I once nailed two "kids" (18+) working the door to my shop. I put them both down crying using a wrist rocket and marbles.
Best deterrent is a dog.
I had a buddy who kept a Saint Bernard German Shepard mix named "Jessica" in his shop. Never had one single break-in issue.
Have a friend who is a fishing guide and retired policeman. Trained canines for the KC PD.
He swore by dogs. Most bad guys would run to the police as they were a lot more scared of the pooch than getting arrested.